U.S. Federal Artillery & Ordinance - George Washington 1789 Inaugural Button

In the beginning, the United States field artillery branch of the armed services was known as, "The Regiment of Artillery". It was founded under Colonel Henry Knox. Knox was unanimously elected by the Continental Congress on November 17, 1775, and on January 1, 1776, a Regiment of Artillery formally entered service. Their official mission statement was to destroy, neutralize, or suppress the enemy by cannons. After the Revolutionary War, the Continental Army along with it's Artillery units were disbanded for the most part due to various reasons. In 1789, after George Washington took office as the first President of the United States, there was only one battalion which consisted of four companies of Artillerists. However, after his second inauguration in 1794, the Corps of Artillerists and Engineers was officially organized. This included the existing four companies of Artillerists, and sixteen new companies divided over four battalions. Then in 1802 under Thomas Jefferson's administration, there was a reduction of the standing Army, the Engineers were separated from the Artillery, and was transposed into one regiment of 20 companies. In 1808, with the fear of a foreign war, Jefferson added a regiment of ten companies called "Light Artillery". This was done during the last year of his administration. In 1812, James Madison added two more regiments to this. The real need arouse for Artillery Units during the War of 1812. This is where Federal Artillerists became the most active. They were issued flat 1-piece buttons that came sewn on their uniforms. Most of these buttons were manufactured prior to their use in the war, but limited manufacturing continued up until 1820.

Robert's Notes: Since the development of the cannon, the word "Artillery" in practice usually meant reference to the use of cannons. During the middle ages, and the early modern period, artillery cannons on the battlefield were positioned and moved with the assistance of horse drawn teams.

There is a common misconception about the use of Mortars by Artillerists. Mortars are not field Artillery weapons as one might think, they are organic to infantry units, and they are used by infantry personnel.

Antebellum: is a 19th Century Latin word that is defined as either occurring, or existing before a particular war: Ante- before, vellum-war. A lot of collectors like to use the terminology when referencing their Pre-Civil War buttons.

"I agree with you Deb, if the button is dug you know it carries the imbedded spirit of the person, place, and battle within it's metal. When you first brush the encrusted dirt from the obverse, you can feel the electricity of excitement flow through the blood in your veins. Your thoughts briefly wander to the brave soldier who came to fight on this soil. You know in this soldier's heart he took a brave stand for his ideals and principles, and he fought for what he believed in. So behold your dug military trophy in reverence, its the American Treasure Hunter's dream." - Robert.

1799-1802 Artillerists & Engineers 2nd Regiment

Color: A Golden Pewter.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 22mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 09: RV: 65
Tice's Number: AEO41
Variation: Ringed Cannon with a Large Breech / Six Cannon Balls / 2nd REGt./ US / A & E.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Relief.
Isabela's Notes: The Regiment of Artillerist and Engineers was originally organized on April 27, 1798. These new regiments would consist of three battalions, and each would have three companies within. On March 2, 1799, an additional battalion was added, and on Mach 3, 1799 the regiment was designated as the Second Regiment of Artillerists and Engineers. The button's pattern depicts a Ringed Cannon with a Large Breech sitting on a field pointing right. Under the cannon's muzzle is a stack of Six Cannon Balls in a pyramidal shape. Above is the regiment designation, "2nd REGt." and below is the country's initials, "US" and military units designation initials, "A & E" in all capital letters. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field. Specimens rarely surface on the market, and when they do they usually demand a hefty premium.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original and intact, but bent inward. *CARTER*/LOMBARD STREET rm within a channel of a rope rm rings.

Dug in Upstate New Hampshire.~
The RJ. Silverstein Collection.

Robert's Notes: On April 1, 1802, the first and second regiment of Artillerists and Engineers changed it's official designation to just the Regiment of Artillerists. With this new re-designation came a new style of button. From 1802-1808, the 1st Regiment of Artillery would use a device depicting an eagle standing on a cannon with a variety of military objects in the background. The 1st Regt. would be inscribed below.

1802-1808 Artillery, 1st Regiment

Color: A Golden Brass Yellow.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 20.5mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 15: RV 25
Variation: Draped Flag Behind the Cannon / Drum Lying Sideways / 3 Cannon Balls / 1st Regt.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Relief.
Isabela's Notes: From 1802 to 1811, the 1st Regiment of Artillerist used a number of pattern variations depicting an eagle standing on a cannon with various military objects in the background. This early button depicts an eagle facing right, while standing on a cannon with a ribbed breech pointing to the left. On the left, there is a Draped Flag Behind the Cannon, as well as a Drum Lying Sideways on the ground. On the right, there are 3 Cannon Balls piled under the carriage. The cannon's carriage only extends to the back of the oval wheel, with six spokes. In the bottom legend, the abbreviation for 1st Regiment, "1 . REGt." is in Arabic numerals and Roman Font capital letters. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field. Even though issued earlier, this button was most likely used during the War of 1812. This style pattern will be adopted and issued in different variations for many years to come.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. This is a replacement shank, but appears to be straight and intact No back mark.

Excavated in the Gulf Coast Vicinity of Mobil Alabama.~
Picture Courtesy of Harry Ridgeway.

1802-1808 Artillery, 1st Regiment

Color: Gilded Brown.
Metal: Slightly Convex, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 21.43mm. Coat Button.
Albert's Number: AY 17: RV 50
Variation: Slanted Federal Shield / Ringed Cannon with A Large Muzzle / Carriage Wheel is Oval with Eight Spokes / Six Cannon Balls / Eleven Five Pointed Stars.

Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: Very tough button to find for collectors. Armitage most likely produced these for officers. Collectors should note the star pattern only circles around the eagle and cannon, and does not circle around the entire button edge. The button's pattern depicts an Eagle Facing Right with upraised wings. On the eagle's chest is a Slanted Federal Shield with the Regiment's number, "1" set on a lined field. The eagle is standing on a Short Length Ringed Cannon with a Large Muzzle that points to the left. The cannon's carriage extends past the carriage's wheel. There are five decorative carriage bolts illustrated in the footing. The Carriage's Wheel is Oval Shaped with Eight Spokes. These are no decorative lug nuts depicted on the wheel. Under the cannon's muzzle is Six Cannon Balls in a Pyramidal Shape on the ground. In the bottom legend, the abbreviation for Regiment, "REGt." in Roman font capital letters. In a semi-circle around the eagle and cannon is Eleven Five Pointed Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a plain slightly convex field with no raised edge. I think collectors should obtain any example they can when one comes available. I only know about two that have ever surfaced to market.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is unfortunately missing. ARMITAGE PHILa within a 2 ringed rm channel/ BEST QUALITY rm

The RJ. Silverstein Collection.

1802-1808 Artillery, 1st Regiment

Color: Antique Brass with Brown Spots.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 20.67mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: Similar to AY 20-A: RV 25
Variation: Two Draped Flags, a Battle Axe, and Six Cannon Balls / Two Draped Flags, and a Drum Lying Sideways / Round Wheel Six Spokes.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: There are two known die variants for this pattern. One has a round wheel with six pokes, and one has an oval wheel with an extra cannon ball at the base. This button's pattern depicts an eagle that is facing right, while standing on a ringed cannon that also points to the right. On the right hand side, there are Two Draped Flags, a Battle Axe, and Six Cannon Balls stacked in a pyramidal shape on the ground. On the left hand side, there are another Two Draped Flags, and a Drum Lying Sideways. The cannon's carriage extends to the back of a Round Wheel with Six Spokes. In the bottom legend, the abbreviation for 1st Regiment, "1 . REGt." is in Arabic numerals and Roman Font capital letters. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. ARMITAGE PHIL.

The RJ. Silverstein Collection.

1802-1808 Artillery, 1st Regiment

Color: Seaweed Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 14.02mm. Cuff or Vest Button.
Albert's Number: AY 24-Av: RV 25
Variation: Ringed Short Length Cannon / Draped Flag, a Battle Axe, and Six Cannon Balls / Oval Wheel with Six Spokes / 1st Regt.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: The button's pattern depicts an eagle facing right, while standing on a Ringed Short Length Cannon that points to the left. On the right hand side, there is a draped flag. On the left side there is a Draped Flag, a Battle Axe, and Six Cannon Balls stacked in a pyramidal shape on the ground. The cannon's carriage only extends to the back of the carriages wheel. There are 4 or 5 decorative carriage bolts illustrated. The carriage has an Oval Wheel with Six Spokes; with 6 decorative lug nuts. In the bottom legend, the abbreviation for 1st Regiment, "1 . REGt." has a large Arabic numeral that is set next to smaller Roman Font capital letters. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, and intact, but crushed inward. Blank back mark.

The RJ. Silverstein Collection.

1808 Artillery, 2nd Regiment

Color: Rusty Brown with Gilt Highlights.
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23.22mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 30: RV 100
Variation: Six Cannon Balls / United States Artillery / Manufacturer Re-strike Reverse.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: The button's pattern depicts Six Cannon Balls stacked in a pyramidal shape in the center. Circling around the cannon balls is the country's name and military designation, "UNITED STATE ARTILLERY". The high relief pattern is set on a plain field that is slightly convex. Armitage only made 300 of these as samples for the Army, but never was contracted to produce this specific pattern. Some of the samples made show a re-strike of the manufacturer's name on the reverse. With the shortage of materials during the 1812 War, a few of the samples got released, or issued possibly as replacement buttons, and were used by some Artillery soldiers during the 1812-15 war. Very few of these Specimens Exist, and so far, all have been found in 1812 encampments in New York and New Jersey. Collectors must take the opportunity and purchase any specimen that comes to market. I believe there to be under 8 known, I only know of 3, and only "one with re-strike reverse".
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact, but slightly crushed inward. ARMITAGE PHIL./BEST QUALITY inside a channel 2 rm ring. Mold Line.

Dug in an 1812 War Encampment in East Greenwich, New Jersey.
The RJ. Silverstein Collection.

1808 Artillery, 2nd Regiment

Color: Golden Brown.
Metal: 1-Piece, Slightly Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23.mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 30: RV 100
Variation: Six Cannon Balls / United States Artillery
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: The button's pattern depicts Six Cannon Balls stacked in a pyramidal shape in the center. Circling around the cannon balls is the country's name and military designation, "UNITED STATE ARTILLERY". The high relief pattern is set on a plain field that is slightly convex. Armitage only made 300 of these as samples for the Army, but never was contracted to produce this specific pattern. Some of the samples made show a re-strike of the manufacturer's name on the reverse. With the shortage of materials during the 1812 War, a few of the samples got released, or issued possibly as replacement buttons, and were used by some Artillery soldiers during the 1812-15 war. Very few of these Specimens Exist, and so far, all have been found in 1812 encampments in New York and New Jersey. Collectors must take the opportunity and purchase any specimen that comes to market. I believe there to be under 8 known, I only know of 3, and only one with re-strike reverse.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. ARMITAGE PHIL./BEST QUALITY inside a rm ring. Mold Line.

Excavated in New York in 2010

Robert's Notes: In 1811-13 a new Foliated Pattern emerged just using the initials, "RA" for Regiment of Artillerists. This new pattern was used along with the eagle standing on the cannon throughout the War of 1812. The newly formed 3rd Regiment of Artillerist used the original motif of an eagle standing on a cannon, but was modified with an "A" emblazoned on the eagle's chest and the cannon was turned around to point toward the left.

1811-1813 1st Regiment of Artillerists

Color: A Pewter Grey.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 22mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 32: RV 25-35
Variation: 1st Regiment of Artillerists / Foliated Intertwined Script Letters.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: There is more then one die variant known, with a slight differences in the foliated letters. This button was specifically manufactured for the 1st Regiment of Artillerists. The button's pattern shows the Regiment of Artillerists initials, "RA" with Foliated Intertwined Script Letters. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge. For the1st Regiment, there is no designation number in the pattern's design because it is automatically assumed to be the first. These buttons are usually found in dug condition without shanks. It is very rare to see one offered in un-dug condition.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button, with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

Excavated on the Gulf Coast near Mobile Alabama.

1811-1813 1st Regiment of Artillerists

Color: A Forest Green with Dark Blue Undertones.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 14.63mm. Cuff Size
Albert's Number: AY 32: RV 35
Variation: 1st Regiment of Artillerists / Foliated Intertwined Script Letters / Foliated Arrow Pointing Right.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This cuff button was manufactured for the 1st Regiment of Artillerists. This is a slightly different die variant then the coat size pattern. The foliated swirls are more foliated, and the swirl is slightly different. The button's pattern shows the Regiment of Artillerists initials, "RA" with Foliated Intertwined Script Letters. Slightly above the letter, "A" is a Foliated Arrow Pointing Right. The high relief pattern is set on a plain field with no edge border. Most likely fashioned to accompany the larger coat size button. Collectors seek the rarer specimens with shanks.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button, with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

1811-1813 1st Regiment of Artillerists

Color: A Dark Green with Yellow Undertones.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 14.73mm. Cuff Size
Albert's Number: Unlisted Size Die Variant Similar to AY 32: RV 35
Variation: 1st Regiment of Artillerists / Foliated Intertwined Script Letters / Foliated Arrow Pointing Right.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This cuff button was manufactured for the 1st Regiment of Artillerists. This is a slightly different die variant then the coat size pattern. The foliated swirls are more foliated, and the swirl is slightly different. The button's pattern shows the Regiment of Artillerists initials, "RA" with Foliated Intertwined Script Letters. Slightly above the letter, "A" is a Foliated Arrow Pointing Right. The high relief pattern is set on a plain field with no edge border. Most likely fashioned to accompany the larger coat size button. Collectors seek the rarer specimens with shanks.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button, with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

1811-1813 2nd Regiment of Artillerists

Color: A Charred Brown with Coppery Orange Highlights.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 14.65 mm. Cuff Size
Albert's Number: AY 33A: RV 25 in 20mm
Variation: 2nd Regiment of Artillerists / Arrows Pointing Right / Arabic Number, "2"
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This button was specifically manufactured for the 2nd Regiment of Artillerists. The button's pattern shows the Regiment of Artillerists initials, "RA" with Foliated Intertwined Script Letters above an oval circle made of Arrows Pointing Right. Within the oval is the Arabic Number, "2" for the regiment's designation. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button, with wedge shank. The shank is original, intact, but slightly bent. Blank back mark.

Excavated from sandy soil in a Florida 1812 camp.
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1811-1813 3rd Regiment of Artillerists

Color: A Clay Orange-Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 20mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 34-A.1: Die Variant. RV 15
Variation: Cannon with a Ringed Breech / Script "A" with Foliated Ends / Oval Wheel with Eight Spokes / Ten Cannon Balls.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: There appears to be a few known die variants known for this pattern. This button's pattern depicts an eagle with upraised wings facing right, while standing on a Cannon with a Ringed Breech pointing to the left. There is a Script "A" with Foliated Ends placed on the eagles chest to stand for Artillery. The carriage is depicted with an Oval Wheel with Eight Spokes. The carriage's wheel shows round knob type lug bolts on the face of the wheel. The cannon's carriage only extends to the back of the wheel, and depicts six decorative bolts within. On the lower left hand side of the button, there is a pile of Ten Cannon Balls that are stacked in a pyramidal shape on the ground in front of the wheel. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button, with a loop shank. The shank appears to be re-soldered, but straight and intact. Blank back mark.

1811-1813 3rd Regiment of Artillerists

Color: An Earth-Tone Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 20mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 34-A.1: Die Variant: RV 15
Variation: Cannon with a Ringed Breech / Script A with Foliated Ends / Oval Wheel with Eight Spokes /Open-Circle Type Lug Bolts / Ten Cannon Balls.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This is another pattern used by the 3rd Reg. of Artillerists. This button's pattern depicts an eagle with upraised wings facing right, while standing on a Cannon with a Ringed Breech that is pointing to the left. There is a Script "A" with Foliated Ends placed on the eagles chest to stand for Artillery. The cannon's carriage is depicted with an Oval Wheel with Eight Spokes. In this variant, the carriage wheel shows Open-Circle Type Lug Bolts on the face of the wheel. The cannon's carriage only extends to the back of the wheel, and depicts six decorative bolts within. On the lower left hand side of the button, there is a pile of Ten Cannon Balls that are skewed in a pyramidal shape on the ground in front of the wheel. Most likely this particular button was struck off center since the cannon balls are misaligned, and the carriage bolt only shows half by the edge. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button, with a loop shank. The shank appears to be re-soldered, but straight and intact. Blank back mark.

Excavated in the Gulf Coast Vicinity of Mobil Alabama.~
Picture courtesy of Harry Ridgeway.

1811-1813 3rd Regiment of Artillerists

Color: A Dark Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Copper.
Size: 14.98 mm. Cuff Size
Albert's Number: Unlisted Size Variant Similar to AY 34-A: RV 50
Variation: Small Cannon / Large Breech / Large Script "A" with Curled Ends / Oval Wheel with Eight Spokes / 6 Cannon Balls.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This button's pattern depicts an eagle with up-raised wings facing right; while standing on a Small Cannon with a Large Breech pointing to the left. There is a Large Script "A" with Curled Ends placed on the eagles chest to stand for Artillery. The cannon's carriage is depicted with an Oval Wheel with Eight Spokes. The carriage's wheel shows round knob type lug bolts on the face of the wheel. The cannon's carriage only extends to the back of the wheel, and depicts only three decorative bolts within. This smaller die variant only shows a pile of 6 Cannon Balls instead of ten; that are stacked in a pyramidal shape in front of the wheel. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, intact, and intact. Blank back mark.

Dug in fresh water, Florida.~
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1811-1813 3rd Regiment of Artillerists

Color: A Dusty Silver Leather Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Silver Wash Copper.
Size: 19.78 mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 34-B: RV 20
Variation: Large Ribbed Breech / Script A with Foliated Ends / Round Eight Spoke Carriage Wheel /10 Cannon Balls.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This is another die variant for the 3rd Regiment of Artillerists pattern. The button's pattern depicts an eagle with upraised wings facing right, while standing on a cannon with a Large Ribbed Breech pointing left. There is a Script "A" with Foliated Ends placed on the eagles chest for Artillery. The carriage has a Round Eight Spoke Carriage Wheel, and the wheel in this die variant doesn't have spoke lugs on the face of the wheel. The cannon's carriage has 5 raised decorative bolts within, and it's length only extends to the back of the wheel. There is a small piece in front of the wheel, but I believe this was to give the larger cannon barrel from the rear a proportional look. When a carriage extends past the wheel, usually you can see the frame through the wheel leading up to the front. On the lower left hand side of the button is a pile of 10 Cannon Balls that are stacked on the ground in a pyramidal shape in front of the wheel. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge. Silver Wash examples are the rarity, and collectors seek clearly depicted "A's".
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button, with a loop shank. The shank is original, intact, and intact. Blank back mark.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1811-1813 3rd Regiment of Artillerists

Color: A Silvery Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Silvered Copper.
Size: 19.77mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 34-B: RV 20
Variation: Large Ribbed Breech / Script A with Foliated Ends / Round Eight Spoke Carriage Wheel /10 Cannon Balls.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This is the same die variant as above, but not struck off center. The button's pattern depicts an eagle with upraised wings facing right, while standing on a cannon with a Large Ribbed Breech pointing left. There is a Script "A" with Foliated Ends placed on the eagles chest for Artillery. The carriage has a Round Eight Spoke Carriage Wheel, and the wheel in this die variant doesn't have spoke lugs on the face of the wheel. The cannon's carriage has 5 raised decorative bolts within, and it's length only extends to the back of the wheel. There is a small piece in front of the wheel, but I believe this was to give the larger cannon barrel from the rear a proportional look. When a carriage extends past the wheel, usually you can see the frame through the wheel leading up to the front. On the lower left hand side of the button is a pile of Ten Cannon Balls that are stacked on the ground in a pyramidal shape in front of the wheel. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge. Silver Wash examples are the rarity, and collectors seek clearly depicted "A's".
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button, with a loop shank. The shank is original, intact, and intact. Blank back mark.

The J. Baldwin Collection.

Robert's Notes: In 1813-14 a new pattern was introduced which depicted a large foliated script letter, "A" with the regiment number below in a foliated oval.

1813-14 1st Regiment of Artillerist

Color: A Deep Chocolate.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Copper.
Size: 20.15 mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 36.A: RV 20
Variation: Large Foliated Script Letter A / Large Foliated Oval / 1st Regiment's.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Strong Low-Relief Pattern.
Robert's Notes: This was the next transition button from the original 1811-13 "RA" pattern buttons. All Artillery Regiments and Light Artillery units changed over to this new style button. The button's pattern depicts a Large Foliated Script Letter "A" in the center for Artillerist. Underneath is a Large Foliated Oval with the 1st Regiment's designation, "1" depicted in an Arabic Style Number. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field, and has a plain edge. The Leavenworth back mark is a bit more rarer then the commonly found blank back marks ones.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original and intact, but bent over. LEAVENWORTH HAYDEN & SCOVILL* rm

Excavated from sandy soil in a Florida encampment.
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1813-14 2nd Regiment of Artillerist

Color: A Deep Chocolate with Red Undertones.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Copper.
Size: 20.13 mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 37.A: RV 20
Variation: Large Foliated Script Letter A / Large Foliated Oval / 2nd Regiment's.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Strong Low-Relief Pattern.
Robert's Notes: This was the next transition button from the original 1811-13 "RA" pattern buttons. All Artillery Regiments and Light Artillery units changed over to this new style button. The button's pattern depicts a Large Foliated Script Letter "A" in the center for Artillerist. Underneath is a Large Foliated Oval with the 2nd Regiment's designation, "2" depicted in an Arabic Style Number. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field, and has a plain edge. The Leavenworth back mark is a bit more rarer then the commonly found blank back marks ones.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original and intact. LEAVENWORTH HAYDEN & SCOVILL* rm

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1813-14 3rd Regiment of Artillerist

Color: A Deep Chocolate with Red Undertones.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Copper.
Size: 20.38 mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 38.A.1: RV 15
Variation: Large Foliated Script Letter A / Large Foliated Oval / 3rd Regiment's.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Strong Bas-Relief.
Robert's Notes: This was the next transition button from the original 1811-13 "RA" pattern buttons. All Artillery Regiments and Light Artillery units changed over to this new style button. The button's pattern depicts a Large Foliated Script Letter "A" in the center for Artillerist. Underneath is a Large Foliated Oval with the 3rd Regiment's designation, "3" depicted in an Arabic Style Number. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field, and has a plain edge. As noted earlier, the Leavenworth back mark is a bit more rarer then the commonly found blank back marks ones.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is broken off. Blank no back mark.

Excavated from sandy soil in a Florida encampment.
The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1808-21 Light Artillery, 1st Regiment

Color: A Green Patina With Orange & Browns..
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass?
Size: 20mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 41-A: RV 25
Variation: Large Intertwined Foliated Letters / 16 Six Pointed Asterisk Type Stars / Arabic Style Number 1 .
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: As with the Artillerist buttons, the Light Artillery units changed over to this new style pattern button. There are four known die variants in this series for the Light Artillery button. All use intertwined foliated script letters, but the style of the swirls and the script letters changes slightly with each variant. Also the kind of oval depicted is different; Some with stars, and some with varying types of arrows. This button's pattern depicts the Light Artillery initials, "LA" in Large Intertwined Foliated Letters. Underneath is a large oval that depicts 16 Six Pointed Asterisk Type Stars. Within the oval is the 1st Regiment's designation number, "1" depicted in an Arabic Style Number. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field, and has a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank condition is unknown. W. C * GILT

1808-21 Light Artillery, 1st Regiment

Color: Silver with Gold Highlights.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Copper.
Size: 19.91mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 41-B: RV 25
Variation: Large Intertwined Foliated Letters / Solid Arrow Heads, Open Arrow Heads with Shaft, Mixture of Both / Arabic Style Number. .
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: As with the Artillerist buttons, the Light Artillery units changed over to this new style pattern button. There are four known die variants in this series for the Light Artillery button. All use intertwined foliated script letters, but the style of the swirls and the script letters changes slightly with each variant. Also the oval depicted uses different style arrows for each variant. This button's pattern depicts the Light Artillery initials, "LA" in Large Intertwined Foliated Letters. Underneath is a large oval that shows three different styles of arrow heads. First is the Solid Arrow Heads, then there is the Open Arrow Heads with the Shaft showing, and then is a Mixture of Both. There is a total of 16 arrow heads pointing toward the right in this variant. Within the oval is the 1st Regiment's designation number, "1" depicted in an Arabic Style Number. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field, and has a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a wedge shank. The shank is broken off. Blank back mark.

RJ & Debra Silverstein Collection.

1808-21 Light Artillery, 1st Regiment

Color: A Brownish Red.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 19.86 mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 41-C: RV 25
Variation: Open Arrow Head Design / Large Intertwined Foliated Letters / Arabic Style Number.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: There are four known die variants in this series used for this Light Artillery button. All use intertwined foliated script letters, but the style of the swirls and the script letters changes slightly with each variant. Also the oval depicted uses different style arrows for each variant. This button's pattern depicts the Light Artillery initials, "LA" in Large Intertwined Foliated Letters. Underneath is a large oval that has an Open Arrow Head Design which shows part of the shaft. Within the oval is the 1st Regiment's designation number, "1" in an Arabic Style Number. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field, and has a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a wedge shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. Blank back mark.

The RJ & Debra Silverstein Collection.

1808-21 Light Artillery, 1st Regiment

Color: Desert Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Copper.
Size: 20mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 41-D: RV 25
Variation: Large Intertwined Foliated Script Letters / Large Arrow Head Designed Oval / Lined Block Style Number 1.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Robert's Notes: As with the Artillerist buttons, the Light Artillery units changed over to this new style pattern button. The button's pattern depicts the initials for Light Artillery, "LA" in Large Intertwined Foliated Script Letters. Underneath is a Large Arrow Head Designed Oval, with an unusual Lined Block Style Number, "1" in the center. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field, and has a plain edge. This is the hardest die variant to come by in the series. I found this extremely rare despite Albert's RV 25 Rating.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a soldered on loop shank. Blank, no back mark.

The Dale Collection.

1808-21 Light Artillery, 1st Regiment

Color: A Olive Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Copper.
Size: 15.22 mm. Cuff Size
Albert's Number: Unlisted Size Variant AY 41-D: Robert's RV 75
Variation: Large Intertwined Foliated Script Letters / Large Arrow Designed Oval / Block Style 1.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Strong Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: Albert doesn't list any cuff buttons for this series. As mentioned earlier, I believe this variant to be the rarest in the series, despite his RV 25 Rating. The button's pattern depicts the initials for Light Artillery, "LA" in Large Intertwined Foliated Script Letters. Underneath is a Large Arrow Head Designed Oval, with an unusual Lined Block Style Number, "1" in the center. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field, and has a plain edge. This is the only specimen I have ever seen in cuff size.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a wedge shank. The shank is bent over, but original, and intact. Blank back mark.

The RJ. & Debra Silverstein Collection.

1808-21 Light Artillery

Color: A Whitewash Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 19.33 mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 42: RV 25
Variation: Large Oval Wreath / Arrow Shooting Through the Center / .
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good/Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This is only one known die variant for this button. This Light Artillery button is slightly different from the earlier series with the regiment number below; Even though they both share a similar pattern idea The button's pattern depicts the initials for Light Artillery, "LA" in Large Intertwined Foliated Script Letters. Underneath is a Large Oval Wreath, with an Arrow Shooting Through the Center. The Arrow is pointing toward the left edge. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field, and has a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is harshly broken off. Blank back mark.

Excavated in Hampton, Virginia.~
The RJ & Debra Silverstein Collection.

1808-21 Light Artillery, 1st Regiment

Color: A Brownish Yellow with Green Encrustations.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 20.4mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 43-B: RV 20
Variation: Script Initials for Light Artillery / 15mm Lined Field / Small Regiment Number 1 / 16 Raised Five Point Stars.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief.
Isabela's Notes: I found this button to be a very crude style pattern for a several reasons. First, there was only one size die made for both the coat and cuff buttons. Second, there are three known die variants of the same pattern. Specimen A, shows an inner 15mm. lined field with a large number 1; B: uses the same outside size diameter with a smaller 13.5mm. lined field, but a smaller number "1"; C: has the same outer diameter, but only an inner 12.5mm. lined field and uses a small number "1". This means that when the coat buttons were struck, this unfortunately left a 5mm. or more plain unfinished outside border. The manufacturers thinking was that the smaller inner diameter buttons were suppose to be the cuff for the larger coat. All buttons would be uniform in size. This particular specimen would be the second known die variant with the smaller number "1". The button's pattern shows the Script Initials for Light Artillery, "LA" on a 15mm. Lined Field. Directly underneath is a Small Regiment Number, "1" depicted by a Wide Roman Block Style Number. Encircling the outer perimeter of the lined field is 16 Raised Five-Point Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field with a plain flat edge border. Another interesting fact is that this was manufactured by the partnership of Leavenworth, Hayden, and Scovill, Waterville Company around 1811-20's making this the earliest of the Scovill back marks.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, and intact, but slightly bent over. L.H. & S.W C GILT dm.

Excavated in the Gulf Coast Vicinity of Mobil Alabama.~
Picture Courtesy of Harry Ridgeway.

1808-21 Light Artillery, 1st Regiment

Color: A Plumb Patina.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 20.52mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 43-C: RV 15
Variation: Script Initials for Light Artillery / 12.52 Lined Field / 16 Five Pointed Stars.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief.
Isabela's Notes: This is the third known die variant for this particular pattern. The button's pattern shows the Script Initials for Light Artillery, "LA" on a smaller 12.52mm. Lined Field. Directly underneath is a Small Regiment Number, "1" depicted by a Thinner Roman Block Style Number. Encircling the outer perimeter of the lined field is 16 Raised Five-Point Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field with a plain flat edge border. This particular variant, AY 43-C also has 2 types smaller matching 15mm cuff buttons. The first variant has 16 stars with a small number one on a 12.5mm lined field, and the second variant has 13 stars and a large number 1 on a 12.5mm lined field.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a convex one-piece button with soldered loop shank. The shank is unfortunately missing. Blank back mark.

The Robert & Debra Silverstein Collection.

1808-21 Light Artillery, 1st Regiment

Color: A Seaweed Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 14.43mm. Cuff Size
Albert's Number: AY 43-CV2: RV 8
Variation: Script Initials for Light Artillery / 12.5mm Lined Field / Small Regiment Number 1 / 16 Raised Five Point Stars
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief.
Isabela's Notes: This is the smaller cuff size 15mm diameter die variant with 13 stars. The button's pattern shows the Script Initials for Light Artillery, "LA" on a 12.52mm. Lined Field. Directly underneath is a Small Regiment Number, "1" depicted by a Roman Block Style Number. Encircling the outer perimeter of the lined field is 16 Raised Five-Point Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field with a plain flat edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a convex one-piece button with soldered loop shank. The shank is unfortunately missing. Blank back mark.

The Robert & Debra Silverstein Collection.

1808-21 Light Artillery, 1st Regiment

Color: A Rusty Gold.
Metal: 1-Piece, Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 19mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 44 A: RV 20
Variation: Convex / 16 Six Pointed Asterisk Type Stars.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional Bas-Relief.
Isabela's Notes: This convex button uses the same design as the original flat one piece examples, but has two slight variations. First, the button itself is Convex, and not flat. Second, the stars have six points instead of five. I am thinking this might have been intended for officers since it was issued during the same time period. The button's pattern shows the Script Initials for Light Artillery, "LA" on a 15mm. Lined Field. Directly underneath is a Small Regiment Number, "1"depicted by a Roman Block Style Number. Encircling the outer perimeter of the lined field is 16 Raised Six-Point Asterisk Type Stars. The high relief pattern is set on a convex lined field with a plain edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a concave one-piece button with soldered on loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. H.T & D / EXTRA SUPERFINE rm.

The Dave Gerber Collection.

-Rob, Here is a truly historic button from the uniform of General Moses Porter. General Porter began his career as an ensign of the 6th Mass. Regiment in Jan. of 1777. He was then commissioned 2nd LT.3rd Continental Artillery in 1779 and served through out the balance of the American Revolution. He was then retained for regular service and commissioned Colonel, 1st LT. Artillery in March 1812. Then brevetted Brigadier General in 1813 for distinguished service in the campaign of 1813. The Porter Collection which included this button was acquired many years ago by Famed author/dealer Mr. Jim Kochan. There were a total of 7 buttons, 5 of which were sewed onto a linen vest and two loose ones. This is one of the loose ones that was then sold to dealer and collector Cary Delery of The Historical Shop, who had it in his collection for a number of years. I purchased it not long ago from him, and It has now come to be in my collection. I am thrilled to have this very historic and wonderful button. -Dave

1808-11 Federal Artillery Regiment

Color: A Brass Yellow.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22.19 mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 46 B: RV 20
Variation: Ribbed Breech / The Carriage Extends to the Axle/Carriage Wheel is Oval / Six Spokes.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This early federal device has two known die variants depicting a Ribbed Breech. The difference in the two variants is how far the gun carriage extends. This button's pattern depicts a federal style eagle facing right, while standing on a cannon with a Ribbed Breech pointing left. On the left-hand side, there is a draped flag that hangs below the cannon. In this die variant, the cannons Carriage Extends to the Wheel Axle. The Carriages Wheel is Oval and shows Six Spokes with round knob lug bolts. There are six cannon balls on the ground stacked in a pyramidal shape in front of the wheel. The button's military designation, "ARTILLERY" is in large raised capital letters arced above, and the abbreviation for Regiment, "REGt" is in capital letters in the bottom legend. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. TREBLE+ GILT+ within rm crown & laurel pattern.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1808-11 Federal Artillery Regiment

Color: A Seaweed Green with Gold Highlights.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 21mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 47-B: RV 15
Variation: Ringed Breech / Carriage Extends to the Flag/ Carriage Wheel is Oval / Eight Spokes.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Good Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This federal artillery device has two known die variants depicting a Ringed Breech. The first variant has a wheel with six spokes, and the gun carriage extends to the wheel's axle. The second variant, has a wheel with eight spokes, and the gun carriage extends past the wheel to the draped flag. This button's pattern depicts a federal style eagle facing right, while standing on a cannon with a Ringed Breech pointing left. The eagle is facing to the right with it's left wing close to the body. There is a draped flag on the left-hand side that hangs below the cannon just above the cannon balls. In this variation, the cannons Carriage Extends to the Flag. The cannon's Carriage Wheel is Oval, and has Eight Spokes with round knob lug bolts. There are six cannon balls stacked on the ground in a pyramidal shape below the draped flag. The button's military designation, "ARTILLERY" is arced above in large capital. The abbreviation for Regiment, "REG" is in capital letters in the bottom legend. This is a high relief pattern set on a plain flat field with a plain edge. Most remaining specimens are known to be offset. This could have been a result of a poorly cut die, or could have been intended for a larger button.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. No back mark.

The J. Baldwin Collection.

1808-1811 Artillery, 3rd Regiment

Color: A blackened Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 48-R.3: RV 35
Variation: Ribbed Breech / Six Cannon Balls / Large Arabic Regiment Number "3".
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: Wishart made these numbered artillery regiment buttons in the early 19th century. All the regiments were issued the same button pattern, the only difference was the number of the regiment which was stamped on the bottom. The button's pattern depicts a federal style eagle facing right, while standing on a cannon with a Ribbed Breech pointing left. On the left hand side, there is a Draped Flag hanging below the cannon barely above the canon balls. There are Six Cannon Balls piled on the ground in a pyramidal shape in front of the carriage wheel. Underneath the cannon in the bottom legend is a Large Arabic Regiment Number, "3" before the Regiment abbreviation, "REGt". The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank The shank is original, and intact, but bent over. H.WISHART/N.YORK rm half circle of arrows.

The J. Baldwin Collection.

1808-21 Artillery General Use for Federal or State Militia Units

Color: An Army Green with Gold Undertones.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 22.12mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 50-A: RV 35-50
Variation: Small Old Style Cannon / Three Carriage Bolts / The Large Carriage's Wheel is Round / Draped Flag.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Robert's Notes: This specific pattern gets Albert's highest RV rating within this early series. This specimen was most likely manufactured by A M Peasely, and used by either the federal, or state militia artillery units. This button is the only die variant in the 1808 Artillery series to depict a draped flag. The button's pattern depicts a calling eagle with upraised wings facing right. The eagle is standing on a Small Old Style Cannon with a Large Breech that is pointing right. The cannon has a short carriage which only reaches to the back of the wheel. There are Three Decorative Carriage Bolts in this pattern. The Large Carriage's Wheel is Round with eight spokes. In this die variant, the cannon sits on a farmers field. On the left side of the eagle is a Draped Flag. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field which has a wide flat oval border, and a rope edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1808-30's Artillery General Use for Federal or State Militia Units

Color: A Coppery-Brown Gilt.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 23mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: Unlisted Variant AY 51-B: RV 10
Variation: Ringed Cannon with A Ribbed Breech / Five Decorative Carriage Bolts / Cannon Sits on a Higher Ground.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Robert's Notes: This federal style button was manufactured in England, and could have been used by either the federal, or state militia artillery units. Albert only lists two die variants, one with a cannon on higher ground, the other with a cannon on lower ground. After studying this series for some time, I found there are several manufacturers with their own unique variations to the eagle depicted, as well as the style cannon, and also the placement on the ground. The button's pattern above depicts a calling eagle with upraised wings facing right. The eagle is standing on a Ringed Cannon with a Ribbed Breech. The cannon has a short carriage which only extends to the back of the wheel. There are Five Decorative Carriage Bolts in this pattern. The carriage's wheel is round with eight spokes. The Cannon Sits on a Higher Ground in a field of grass. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field, which has a wide plain oval border, and a rope edge. This pattern was also made in a smaller size which was used as an officer's epaulettes during the War of 1812.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original and intact, but slightly bent over. TREBLE GILT * STRANDd.. .COLOUR* within a CHANNEL OF 2 dm rings.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1808-30's Artillery General Use for Federal or State Militia Units

Color: Black Speckled Yellow Brass.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 23.4mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: Unlisted Variant AY 51-B: RV 10
Variation: Ringed Cannon / Five Decorative Carriage Bolts / Cannon Sits on higher ground.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Robert's Notes: This is another die variant that was manufactured in England in the 1820-30's, and could have been used by either the federal, or state militia artillery units. The button's pattern above depicts a calling eagle with upraised wings facing right. The eagle is standing on a Ringed Cannon pointing right. The cannon has a short carriage which only reaches to the back of the wheel. There are Five Decorative Carriage Bolts in this pattern. The carriage's wheel is round with eight spokes. The Cannon Sits on a Higher Ground in a field of grass. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field, which has a wide plain oval border, and a rope edge. The unusual trademark is the eagles breast feathers depicted. They appear to be hand chased by special order.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original and intact, but slightly bent over. Old English Script lettering dm RICH QUALITY/LONDON inner dm ring/ 8 asterisk type stars. (Rich03 Back mark 1820-30's)

1820-30's Artillery General Use for Federal or State Militia Units

Color: Aged Gilded Brass.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 20.8mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 52-A: RV 10
Variation: Ringed Cannon Large Ribbed Breech Cannon / Four Carriage Bolts / Three Small Wide-Spaced Cannon Balls .
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Robert's Notes: This series of buttons should have been included in Albert's AY 51 series as just a manufacturer's pattern variation. This specimen with the cannon balls was manufactured in England, and could have been used by either the federal, or state militia artillery units. In this series, Albert only lists three earlier manufacturer's backmarks and three die variants, but there seem to be several manufacturers with their own unique variations. There are several differences in the style of eagle depicted, to the characteristics of the cannons and their carriages. Also the cannon balls size and space can differentiate. The button's pattern above depicts a calling eagle with upraised wings facing right. The eagle is standing on a Ringed Cannon with a Large Ribbed Breech pointing right. The cannon has a short carriage which only reaches to the back of the wheel. There are Four Decorative Carriage Bolts in this pattern. The carriage's wheel is round with eight spokes. The cannon sits on a field of grass with Three Small Wide-Spaced Cannon Balls stacked in a pyramidal shape. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field which has a wide flat oval border, and a rope edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The copper shank appears to be replaced. * IMPERIAL / RICH GILT * within a 2 RING dm. (IMPERIAL03 Back mark dates to 1830's).

1820-30's Artillery General Use for Federal or State Militia Units

Color: A Dark Brown With Orange-Yellow Undertones.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 22mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: Unlisted Variant AY 52-A: RV 10
Variation: Ringed Cannon with A Ribbed Breech Cannon / Three Small Wide-Spaced Cannon Balls / Four Decorative Carriage Bolts.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Robert's Notes: This is another pattern variation in the series. The button's pattern above depicts a calling eagle with upraised wings facing right. The eagle is standing on a Ringed Cannon with a Large Ribbed Breech pointing right. The cannon has a short carriage which only reaches to the back of the wheel. There are Four Decorative Carriage Bolts in this pattern. The carriage's wheel is round with eight spokes. The cannon sits on a field of grass with Three Small Wide-Spaced Cannon Balls stacked in a pyramidal shape in front. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field which has a wide flat oval border, and a rope edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original and intact, but slightly bent over. TREBLE * STANDARD * within a 2 RING dm.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1820-30's Artillery General Use for Federal or State Militia Units

Color: Yellow Gold.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 21.5mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 52-B: RV 10
Variation: Ringed Cannon with a Curved Stock / No Decorative Carriage Bolts / Three Large Close-Spaced Cannon Balls
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Robert's Notes: This is another die variant that was manufactured in England during the 1820-30's. As noted prior, this series of buttons should have been included in Albert's AY 51 series as just a pattern variation. The button's pattern above depicts a calling eagle with upraised wings facing right. The eagle is standing on a crude style Ringed Cannon with a Curved Stock pointing right. The cannon has a plain short carriage which only reaches to the back of the wheel. There are No Decorative Carriage Bolts in this basic style pattern. The carriage's wheel is round, and has eight spokes. The cannon sits on a field of grass with Three Large Close-Spaced Cannon Balls that are stacked in a pyramidal shape in front. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field which has a wide flat oval border, and a rope edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight and intact. EXTRA -above /WREATH- below / RICH COLOUR graphic scroll (ExtraR20 back mark dates to 1820-30's).

Picture Courtesy of Harry Ridgeway.

1820-30's Artillery General Use for Federal or State Militia Units

Color: Yellow Coppery Gold.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 21.2mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: Unlisted Variant AY 52-B: RV 10
Variation: Ringed Cannon with A Large Ribbed Breech / One Decorative Carriage Bolt / Large Skewed Wide-Spaced Cannon Balls
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Robert's Notes: This federal style button was manufactured in England during the 1820-30's. The button's pattern above depicts a calling eagle with upraised wings facing right. The eagle is standing on a Ringed Cannon with a Large Breech pointing right. The cannon has a short carriage which only reaches to the back of the wheel. There is One Decorative Carriage Bolt on the top. The carriage's wheel is round, and has eight spokes. The cannon sits on a field of grass with Three Large Skewed Wide-Spaced Cannon Balls that are stacked in a pyramidal shape in front. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field which has a wide flat oval border, and a rope edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight and intact. J.MANN'S.TREBLE STANDARD within a 2 dm channel/130 stamped within inner ring. (Mann04 back mark dates to 1820-30's).

Picture Courtesy of Harry Ridgeway.

1820-30's Artillery General Use for Federal or State Militia Units

Color: Golden Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 23mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: Unlisted Variant AY 52-B: RV 10
Variation: Small Ringed Cannon with a Large Ribbed Breech / Three Decorative Carriage Bolts / Three Large Wide-Spaced Cannon Balls.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Robert's Notes: This is another die variant manufactured in England in the 1820-30's. The button's pattern depicts a calling eagle with upraised-wings facing right. The eagle is standing on a Small Ringed Cannon with a Large Ribbed Breech. The cannon has a short carriage which only extends to the back of the wheel. There is Three Decorative Carriage Bolts in this die variant. The carriage's wheel is round with eight spokes. The cannon sits on a field of grass with Three Large Wide-Spaced Cannon Balls stacked in a pyramidal shape in front. The high relief pattern is set on a lined field with a wide flat oval border, and a rope edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight and intact. ORANGE + GILT COLOUR+ with in a 2 dm ring.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1814-21 Federal Artillery Corps

Color: Dark Sea Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 14.57mm. Cuff Size.
Albert's Number: AY 55-Av: RV 5
Variation: Ringed Cannon Pointing Left / Four Decorative Bolts / Carriage Wheel is Oval with Eight Spokes / Six Cannon Balls.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Strong/Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This smaller size cuff button differs from the coat's die variant in two ways. First, the cuff button's pattern only shows six cannon balls, instead of ten. Second, the carriages decorate knobs only show four instead of five. There are other possible die variants produced for this cuff button, but none have surfaced that i know of. The button's pattern depicts an eagle facing right with upraised wings. The eagle is standing on a Ringed Cannon Pointing Left. The cannon's carriage extends past the carriage's wheel, and has Six Decorative Bolts showing. The Carriage Wheel is Oval with Eight Spokes. Each spoke has a decorative lug nut. Just past the front cannon wheel is a partial image of a second wheel with two lug nuts depicted. The military word, "CORPS" is written in Roman Font capital letters below. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. Blank Back mark.

1814-21 Federal Artillery Corps

Color: A Pewter Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Silvered Copper.
Size: 20mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: Unlisted Die Variant Similar to AY 55-B: RV 25 for Variation
Variation: Large Flat Head / Wide Breech Cannon / Large Round Eight Spoke Wheel / Ten Cannon Balls.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This is another die variant for the Federal Artillery Corps button. Albert only lists three known patterns, but there appears to be a few more that have surfaced from metal detector enthusiasts. This button's pattern depicts a Federal Style Eagle with a Large Flat Head facing up, and too the right. The eagle is spreading it's wings while standing on a Wide Breech Cannon, that is pointing to the left. The eagle's head head is tucked-in close to the top of the right wing. The cannon's carriage extends past the Large Round Eight Spoke Wheel. There are four decorative round knobs on the carriage's base. The wheel shows Eight Round Knob Lugs for the spokes on the face of the wheel. There are Ten Cannon Balls stacked on the ground in a pyramidal shape in front of the carriage wheel. The word "CORPS" is written below the mound in Roman Font capital letters. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. Blank Back mark.

Excavated by J. Baldwin at a known Andrew Jackson encampment.
The J. Baldwin Collection.

1814-21 Federal Artillery Corps

Color: A Silvery Green.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Silvered Copper.
Size: 14.67mm. Cuff Size
Albert's Number: Unlisted Die Variant Similar to AY 55-B: RV 50 for Variation
Variation: Large Flat Head / Wide Breech Cannon / Large Round Eight Spoke Wheel / Ten Cannon Balls.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This is another die variant for the Federal Artillery Corps button. Albert only lists three known patterns, but there appears to be a few more that have surfaced from metal detector enthusiasts. This button's pattern depicts a Federal Style Eagle with a Large Flat Head facing up, and too the right. The eagle is spreading it's wings while standing on a Wide Breech Cannon, that is pointing to the left. The eagle's head head is tucked-in close to the top of the right wing. The cannon's carriage extends past the Large Round Eight Spoke Wheel. There are four decorative round knobs on the carriage's base. The wheel shows Eight Round Knob Lugs for the spokes on the face of the wheel. There are Ten Cannon Balls stacked on the ground in a pyramidal shape in front of the carriage wheel. The word "CORPS" is written below the mound in Roman Font capital letters. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. Blank Back mark.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1814-21 Federal Artillery Corps

Color: A Golden Brown.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 55-C: RV 10
Tice's Number: AM209B
Variation: Ringed Cannon with a Curved Stock / Eight Spoke Round Carriage Wheel / Ten Cannon Balls.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Bas-Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This is another style used by the Artillery Corps This button could have been used by either the federal or state's militia artillery. There is four die variants known in this series for the coat size, and one for the cuff size. Variations include the style cannon, carriage, and wheel shape depicted. The cuff's variation is in the number of cannon balls depicted (6). The button's pattern depicts a Federal Style Eagle facing right, while standing on a Ringed Cannon with a Curved Stock pointing left. In this die variant, the cannons carriage goes up into the cannon instead of a platform style mount. There is a Large Round Carriage's Wheel with Eight Spoke. There are Ten Cannon Balls stacked in a pyramidal shape in front of the carriage's wheel. The word "CORPS" is written below in large capital letters. This style is very similar to the Artillery Corps Buttons of 1814-21.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. RICHARD ROBINSON.ATTLEB. rm rings.

The J. Baldwin Collection.

1814-21 Federal or Militia Artillery Corps

Color: A Forest Green with Gold Highlights.
Metal: Flat, 1-Piece, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 20mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: Unlisted Die Variant Similar to AY 55 C or 58 B: RV 25 for Variation
Variation: Small Head Eagle / Wide Breech Cannon / Large Round Eight Spoke Wheel / Ten Cannon Balls.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: Here is another unlisted die variant for the Artillery Corps pattern. This could either be early Federal Artillery Corps, or a later State Militia Artillery Corps, just not sure. This button's pattern depicts a Federal Style Eagle with a Small Head Eagle facing right. The eagle's head in this die variant is tucked in close to the body, and it's beak is uniformly straight with the right wing. The eagle is standing on a Wide Breech Cannon that is pointing to the left. The cannon's carriage extends past the Large Round Eight Spoke Wheel. There are two decorative round knobs on the carriage's foot, and one under the cannon. The carriage's wheel shows eight round knob spoke-lugs on the face of the wheel. In this die variant, there are Ten Cannon Balls stacked on the ground in a pyramidal shape in front of the carriage wheel. The word "CORPS" is written below the mound in Roman Font capital letters. The high relief pattern is set on a plain flat field with a plain edge.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a flat one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. Blank Back mark.

The J. Baldwin Collection.

In 1821, there was a change from the Corps of Artillery to a new Regimental formation. This change was also accompanied by a change in the style of buttons to be used. In the first series (1821-30's) there were several styles of eagle with shield patterns made. The various manufacturers were able to produce their own die variants according to the Army's specifications and guidelines. There were a lot of slight variations from one manufacturer to another. These differances usually pertained to the size and shape of the shield, or the angle of the eagle's head, and even most notably the design of the feathers. When studying these buttons you will be able to see some of the tell-tale signs that indicate who manufactured a certain pattern. I recommend you examine the number of petals and berries on the olive branches, and the pattern of the eagle's feathers depicted on the wings, neck, and bottom tail feathers. Just to note, there were some manufactures that made two-piece buttons in the late 1820's, but this new change over in construction was more prevalent in the early 1830's. Below are just a few examples of the different Die Variations. ~

G.O. Adjt. & Insp. General's Office March 27, 1821 Article 65, specified: "The button of the Artillery, will be of yellow metal, cupped in form, three-fourths of an inch in diameter, with an Eagle impressed on it, and a letter "A" in the shield thereon."

1821-30's Federal Artillery Officer's Button

Color: Aged Brass Yellow.
Metal: 1-Piece, Convex, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 20mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 64-A.1 RV 4
Tice's Number: AY 199-D.4
Variation: Small Recessed Shield / Short Laurel Stem with Six Petals.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: In 1821, this was the new style button ordered for Artillery officers. There are several spread-eagle die variants known that were made by lots of manufacturers. The button's pattern depicts a spread eagle facing right. On the eagle's chest is a small shield with a raised outline. Within the center is a raised letter "A" for Artillery. In the eagle's right talon is a small short laurel stem with six petals. In it's left talon is a small bundle of three arrows that are pointing upward and to the left. The high relief pattern is set on a plain convex field with no edge border. This Robinson's backmark is over struck on Robinson & Co/Attleborough/ Rich earlier specimens.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. ROBINSON .*. EXTRA .*.

1821-30's Federal Artillery Officer's Button

Color: A Greenish Brass Yellow.
Metal: 1-Piece, Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 22mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 64-A.1 RV 4
Tice's Number: AY 199-D.4
Variation: Slightly Slanted Small Shield / Eight Petal Laurel Stem.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: In 1821, this was the new style button were introduced for Artillery officers. There are several spread-eagle die variants known that were made by lots of manufacturers. The button's pattern depicts a spread eagle facing right. On the eagle's chest is a slightly slanted small shield with a raised outline. Within the center is a raised letter "A" for Artillery. In The eagle's right talon is a small laurel stem with eight petals. In it's left talon is a small bundle of three arrows that are pointing upward, to the left, and downward. The high relief pattern is set on a plain convex field with no edge border. This Robinson's back mark dates then there first variant to the early 1830's.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. ROBINSON .*. EXTRA .*.

The RJ. & Debra Silverstein Collection.

1821-30's Federal Artillery Officer's Button

Color: Tarnished Gold.
Metal: 1-Piece, Low-Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 20mm.
Albert's Number: AY 64-A.4 RV: 4
Tice's Number: AY 199-D.9
Variation: Long Pointed Shield / Bent Stem Laurel with Eight Petals.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This is another die variant in this early series that was manufactured by A.W. Spiers. The button's pattern depicts a spread eagle facing right. On the eagle's chest is a long pointed shield with a raised outline. Within the center is a raised letter "A" for Artillery. In the eagle's right talon is a bent laurel stem with eight petals. In it's left talon is a small bundle of three arrows that are pointing to the left. The high relief pattern is set on a low convex field with no edge border. This A.W. Spies back mark dates to the early 1830's.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. . A.W.SPIES./*RICH.*

Picture Courteous of Harry Ridgeway.

1821-30's Federal Artillery Button

Color: A Grass Green with Brown Outlines.
Metal: 1-Piece, Low-Convex, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 16mm. Hat or Sleeve Button.
Albert's Number: Similar to AY 64 RV 20
Tice's Number: AY 199-D -Unlisted Manufacturer Variant.
Variation: Large Raised Shield / Short Stem Laurel with Nine Symmetrical Petals.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Good High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This button was made to be worn on either a hat or shirt sleeve. The die variant for the laurel stem, crude eagles feathers and arrows is a different style pattern from the commonly known manufacturers. Being one piece, I presume it was manufactured during the 1820 or 1830's. The button's pattern depicts a spread eagle facing right. On the eagle's chest is a large raised shield with the letter, "A" for Artillery. In the eagle's right talon is a short stem laurel with nine symmetrical petals. In it's left talon is a small bundle of three crude style arrows that are pointing upward, to the left, and downward. The high relief pattern is set on a plain low-convex field with no edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, and intact, but bent over. No backmark, but a mold line.

The Old Court House Civil War Museum Collection
Excavated by Chad Davis in Aldie, Virginia.

1821-30's Federal Artillery Officer's Button

Color: A Comfortably Worn Brassy Brown.
Metal: 1-Piece, High Convex, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 23mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY-64 RV: 4
Tice's Number: AY 199-D.19
Variation: Long Narrow Wings / Small Shield / Nine Laurel Petals.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: In 1820-30's, this was the style button ordered for Artillery officers. There are several spread-eagle die variants known that were made by lots of manufacturers. The button's pattern depicts a spread eagle with long narrow wings facing right. On the eagle's chest is a small shield with a raised outline. Within the center is a raised letter "A" for Artillery. In the eagle's right talon is a thin long stem laurel with nine petals. In it's left talon is a small bundle of three arrows that are pointing upward, to the left, and downward. The high relief pattern is set on a plain high-convex field with no edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a concave one-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. .*.*.*.*.*.*.*.* rm channel.

1821-30's Federal Artillery Officer's Button

Color: Silver Ghost.
Metal: 1-Piece, Convex, Raised Design, Silver Plated Copper.
Size: 19.5mm. Coat Size
Albert: AY 64 RV: 4
Tice's Number: AY 199-D.15
Variation: Large Raised Shield / Small Artillery letter / Freshly Cut Laurel Stem.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: In 1820-30's, the regulation was for yellow buttons, but some silver ones were ordered for Artillery officers. The button's pattern depicts a spread eagle with symmetrical upraised wings facing right. On the eagle's chest is a large raised shield with a raised outline. Within the center is a raised small letter, "A" for Artillery. In the eagle's right talon is a short freshly cut laurel stem with six petals and a top berry. In it's left talon is a small bundle of three arrows that are pointing to the left, and downward. The high relief pattern is set on a plain convex field with no edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. PLATED rm with wreath of laurel branches rm.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1830-40's Federal Artillery Officer's Button

Color: A Soft Brown With Gold Highlights.
Metal: 1-Piece, Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 18.10mm. Vest Size
Albert's Number: AY 64-A.1 RV 4
Tice's Number: AY 200 - Unlisted Back mark.
Variation: Eagle with Upraised Wings / Small Raised Shield / "A" for Artillery / Three Wide Space Arrows.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This button was made between 1834-48 by Robinson for cadets. The button's pattern depicts an Eagle with Upraised Wings facing right. The eagle's head is also tilted upward. On the eagle's chest is a Small Raised Shield with a raised outline. Depicted on the center is a small raised initial, "A" for Artillery. In the eagle's right talon is an olive branch with six petals and one lower berry. In it's left talon is a small bundle of Three Wide Space Arrows pointing upward. The high relief pattern is set on a plain convex field with no edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. .*.ROBINSON.*.EXTRA inner and outer double rm rings.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1830's Federal Artillery Officer's Button

Color: A Dark Golden Mustard.
Metal: 1-Piece, Convex, Raised Design, Brass.
Size: 20mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 66-A RV 4
Tice's Number: AY 199 or AY 200 - Unlisted Die and Backmark Variant.
Variation: Eagle's Head is Tilted Upward / Large Raised Initial / Seven Petals & Three Berries.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This button's pattern depicts a spread-eagle with long narrow wings facing right. The eagle's head is also tilted upward. On the eagle's chest is a large narrow pointed shield with a raised outline. Within the center is a large raised initial, "A" for Artillery. In the eagle's right talon is a short stem laurel with seven petals and three berries. In it's left talon is a small bundle of three arrows pointing upward. The high relief pattern is set on a plain convex field with no edge border. Tice's book does not have this eagle's die variant pictured, but Albert's NY 66 seems to have an exact eagle match pictured for this die variant, but different backmark.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a slightly concave one-piece button with a loop shank. No backmark, but two concentric, raised rings.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1830's Federal Artillery Officer's Button

Color: Gold with Copper Highlighted Areas.
Metal: 2-Piece, Low-Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 19.1mm.
Albert's Number: AY 71-A RV 3
Tice's Number: AY 206-A.9
Variation: Goose Neck / Wide Slightly Raised Shield / Crooked Laurel Stem
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This early two-piece Federal Artillery button was manufactured by Scovills in the 1830's. The button's pattern depicts a spread eagle with a goose neck facing right. On the eagle's chest is a wide slightly raised shield with a raised outline. Within the center is a small raised letter, "A" for Artillery. In the eagle's right talon is bent or crooked laurel stem with nine laurel petals. In it's left talon is a small bundle of three arrows that are pointing upward, and to the left. The high relief pattern is set on a plain low-convex field with no edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. SCOVILL. WATERBURY dm.

The H Ridgeway Collection.

1820-40's Federal Artillery Officer's Button

Color: A Soft Leather Brown with A Golden Outline.
Metal: 2-Piece, Low-Convex, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 20mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: AY 71 Unlisted Variant. RV 3/Backmark-10
Tice's Number: AY 206-A.17
Variation: Screeching Eagle / Slightly Slanted Raised Shield / Goose Neck.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: According to the backmark, this two-piece specimen was most likely manufactured in England during the late 1830's or early 1840's. The button's pattern depicts a screeching spread eagle with a goose-type neck facing right. This die variant shows the eagle's beak open with a flailing tongue. In the eagle's right talon is a laurel stem with eight petals. In it's left talon is a small bundle of three arrows that are pointing to the left and downward. On the eagle's chest is a slightly slanted raised shield. Centered on top of the shield is a raised letter "A" for Artillery. The high relief pattern is set on a low-convex field with no edge border. This is an outstanding example of an earlier two-piece button.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. TREBLE GILT *** dm with an outer ring of dots, inner dm ring around the shank.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1840's Federal Artillery Prototype Button?

Color: Antique Brass With Gilt Highlights.
Metal: 2-Piece, Low Convex, Raised Design, Gilded Brass, Tin Back.
Size: 19.3mm. Coat Size
Albert's Number: Unknown Die Variant RV 250
Tice's Number: Unknown Die Variant
Variation: Twelve Five Pointed Stars / Slightly Slanted Shield with a Raised Outline / Lined Field / Bundle of Arrows Facing Down.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: The tin back dates this button to 1840's-50's. The button's pattern depicts a spread eagle facing right with a circle of Twelve Five Point Stars. On the eagle's chest is a Slightly Slanted Shield with a Raised Outline. Within the shield is a thin raised letter, "A" for Artillery on a Lined Field. In the eagle's right talon is an Olive Branch with three sets of three petals and two berries on a straight stem. In it's left talon is a small Bundle of Three Arrows Pointing Downward towards the tail feathers. The middle arrow is longer then the other two flanking arrows. The high relief pattern is on a low-convex plain field with no edge border. The maker of the button is undetermined.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a tin back two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact.

The RJ Silverstein Collection.

1840's Federal Artillery Officer's Button

Color: Gilded Brass Yellow.
Metal: 2-Piece, Low Convex, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 19.3mm.
Albert's Number: Similar to AY 71-76 Styles. RV 3
Tice's Number: AY 206-A.16
Variation: Head Angle Upward / Large Raised Shield /
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: The backmark dates this two-piece button to the early 1840's. The button's pattern depicts a spread eagle facing right with it's head angled upward. On the eagle's chest is a large raised shield slightly slanted. On the shield is a large thin raised letter, "A" for Artillery. In the eagle's right talon is a an Olive Branch with a curved stem and three petals and three berries. In it's left talon is a small bundle of three arrows pointing upward and to the left. The middle arrow is longer then the other two flanking arrows. The high relief pattern is on a plain low-convex field with no edge border. The maker of the button is undetermined.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. SUPERIOR(Graphic Swirls) QUALITY (Graphic Swirls) within a 2 ring dm.

The H Ridgeway Collection.

Late 1840-50's Federal Artillery Officer's Button

Color: Leather Brown with Gold Outlines.
Metal: 2-Piece, Convex, Raised Design, Gilt Brass.
Size: 19.7mm.
Albert's Number: Similar to AY 73/74 Style: RV 3
Tice's Number: AY 206 Unlisted Variant
Variation: Stout Neck / Lined Wing Feathers / Wide Shield.
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This Horstman backmark dates to the 1840-50's. The button's crude pattern depicts a stout neck spread eagle facing right. This die variant shows lined wing feathers pointing upward. There only appears to be a small amount of fanning bottom feathers. On the eagle's chest is a wide shield with a raised outline. Within the center is a stout initial, "A" for Artillery. In the eagle's right talon is a Olive Branch with five petals and three berries. In it's left talon is a small bundle of three arrows pointing upward. The high relief crude pattern is set on a plain convex field with no edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is a replacement, but straight, and intact. W H.HORSTMAN &CO N YORK rmdc.

1840-50's Federal Artillery Officer's Button

Color: Polished-Up Yellow Brass.
Metal: 2-Piece, Convex, Raised Design, Gilded Brass.
Size: 20mm.
Albert's Number: Similar to AY 71 Style: RV 3-5
Tice's Number: AY 206-A.8 / Horstman BackmarkVariant
Variation: Short Goose Neck / Wide Slanted Shield
Present Condition: An Excavated Example, Strong Planchet Casting, Strong High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This two-piece Federal Artillery button was made for Horstman by Scovills in the 1840-50's. The button's pattern depicts a spread eagle with a short goose neck facing right. On the eagle's chest is a slightly slanted wide shield with a raised outline. Within the center is a small stout raised letter, "A" for Artillery. In the eagle's right talon is a Olive Branch with nine petals. In it's left talon is a small bundle of three arrows that are pointing to the left. The high relief pattern is set on a plain convex field with no edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is a copper replacement SHANK, but it is straight, and intact. W H H & CO SUPERIOR QUALITY rmdc.

1830's Federal Artillery Officer's Button

Color: Dark Brass Yellow.
Metal: 2-Piece, Convex, Raised Pattern, Gilded Brass.
Size: 20mm.
Albert's Number: AY 76: RV 3
Tice's Number: AY 206-D.2
Variation: Long Thin Wings / Raised Stippled Shield.
Present Condition: A Non Excavated Example, Exceptional Planchet Casting, Exceptional High Relief Pattern.
Isabela's Notes: This two-piece Federal Artillery button was intended for officers, and it's Young Smith backmark dates to the 1830's. The button's pattern depicts a spread eagle with long thin detailed wings facing right. On the eagle's chest is a slightly slanted stippled shield with a raised outline. Within the center is a large raised letter, "A" for Artillery. In the eagle's right talon is whimsical laurel stem with five petals and three berries. In it's left talon is a small bundle of three arrows pointing upward and to the left. The high relief pattern is set on a plain convex field with no edge border.
Reverse Button Analysis: This is a two-piece button with a loop shank. The shank is original, straight, and intact. .YOUNG.SMITH & Co./N.YORK. 2 inner ring rm.

The Jim Dews Collection.